Changing the paradigm in managing state debt
Critics of the government's plan to add new debt were raised again by Parliament. This time, it was the turn of Members of the House of Representatives Commission XI Ecky Awal Mucharam to call on the government to be alert to debt.
According to him, the new debt is projected to be a latent danger for this nation. Carefulness in taking debt policy and maximizing debt management is a necessity for the government to do.
Because at the same time, the 2020 State Budget deficit is targeted to reach Rp. 307.2 trillion, an increase compared to the 2019 State Budget target of Rp. 297 trillion.
"Debt that continues to accumulate and is not managed properly can actually cause slowing economic growth.
The world has not been able to maximize the potential of existing taxation income, "said the politician as quoted by the official statement of the Parliament on Wednesday (Public Domestic Debt and Institutional Reforms Journals).
In the last five years, the average annual growth of world tax revenue was only 5.73 percent, very far compared to the growth in the 2005-2009 period which reached 17.56 percent per year. According to him, during the administration from 2015-2018, the stock of government debt in the form of SBN increased by Rp 1,600 trillion.
While the state budget deficit has so far remained unproductive, due to the high inefficient budget allocation and the potential for leakage of various other spending that is still high.
"The future government needs to change the paradigm in financing deficits and managing state debt. The Government and the World Bank must also be aware of the trend of rising world government debt and foreign debt ratios in 2019. The World Debt to GDP ratio has been on an upward trend over the past three years, from 24 percent in 2014 to close to 30 percent in 2019, "explained Ecky
The legislator added, the trend of increasing debt to GDP ratio shows that government debt policy is relatively less effective in driving economic growth.
The same thing happened in the world debt to service ratio which continued to increase from 23.95 percent (2014) to 26.18 percent (2019). This trend shows a bad signal for the world economy.
Specifically for foreign debt, the government and the World Bank must improve coordination, especially with the increasing uncertainty of the global economy.
"The increase can lead to capital outflows and one of the initial effects will be the rupiah exchange rate. The weakening of the rupiah will certainly hit the private sector that has foreign debt, because their debt burden will automatically increase, "he explained further.
The exchange rate risk must be considered, especially the trend of the ratio of the world's foreign debt to GDP continues to increase every year, from 32.95 percent (2014) to 36.8 percent (2019).
Wijaya Info
Wijaya Info is Information Sharing Knowledge Literature and Education for All People in the Universe
Antibiotic resistance for the health sector globally
Antibiotic resistance for the health sector globally
Antibiotic resistance is now a crucial topic for the global health sector. The World Health Organization (WHO) states that this problem poses a serious threat to public health, including. [1,2] This problem arises due to the use of unwise or irrational antibiotics which results in ineffective and potential antibiotic therapy. [3 ] Inappropriate use of antibiotics does not only occur in humans but in animals. Previous studies have suggested that livestock are given antibiotic consumption that is not according to indications in order to avoid losses caused by the death of livestock. When we consume products from livestock, we automatically have the potential to experience antibiotic resistance (Figure 1).
[4,5] It needs public awareness and concrete government efforts to overcome antibiotic resistance Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (Assessment of Methicillin Resistance) is a gram-positive bacterium that is one example of antibiotic resistance that often infects the skin and causes slow post-surgical wound healing. [6,7,8] The current incidence of MRSA in the world is between 2.3 - 69.1% while the MRSA prevalence in Indonesia is 28%. [7,9,10] Skin and soft tissue infections (IKJL) such as in post-surgical wounds by MRSA (Figure 4) in the inpatient room are nosocomial problems that increase in prevalence every year [11,12] The prevalence of MRSA in various hospitals continues to increase as in the Regional General Hospital starting from 2001-2011 there has been an increase of 8% in surgical and non-surgical installations.
[13] Various therapeutic efforts have been made to accelerate post-operative wound healing due to MRSA such as herbal treatments but have not obtained satisfactory results so there is a need for alternative therapeutic innovations Regenerative therapy with stem cells is currently being popular by the public especially for cosmetic purposes. Stem cells are the hope of every health problem. Stem cells or stem cells are cells that can turn into various kinds of cells, signal between cells, secrete large and small molecules that are beneficial to the body and have the potential to regenerate affected cells and tissues.
Stem cells can be obtained from various tissues such as bone marrow, dental pulp, hair root, cord blood, amniotic membrane, gums, cord, fat, and other tissues. [16,17,18] The stem cells used must meet safe criteria ie free from infections from infectious diseases such as HIV / AIDS, syphilis, hepatitis, and so forth. Stem cells must originate from humans because they will be applied to humans as well. [17] Currently, it has a stem cell development and research center (Figure 6).
[19] The center is currently developing stem cell metabolites for skin rejuvenation and wound healing that have been proven safe to use in humans. [20,21] Stem cell metabolites are compounds released by stem cells during culture processes such as growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, antimicrobial peptides. . Stem cell metabolites can be harvested and then purified to be used as a topical to accelerate wound healing. Somoza et al and Caplan et al termed stem cells as complete drug stores because they have the ability to secrete beneficial compounds to accelerate wound healing (Figure 7). [22,23]
Antibiotic resistance is now a crucial topic for the global health sector. The World Health Organization (WHO) states that this problem poses a serious threat to public health, including. [1,2] This problem arises due to the use of unwise or irrational antibiotics which results in ineffective and potential antibiotic therapy. [3 ] Inappropriate use of antibiotics does not only occur in humans but in animals. Previous studies have suggested that livestock are given antibiotic consumption that is not according to indications in order to avoid losses caused by the death of livestock. When we consume products from livestock, we automatically have the potential to experience antibiotic resistance (Figure 1).
[4,5] It needs public awareness and concrete government efforts to overcome antibiotic resistance Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (Assessment of Methicillin Resistance) is a gram-positive bacterium that is one example of antibiotic resistance that often infects the skin and causes slow post-surgical wound healing. [6,7,8] The current incidence of MRSA in the world is between 2.3 - 69.1% while the MRSA prevalence in Indonesia is 28%. [7,9,10] Skin and soft tissue infections (IKJL) such as in post-surgical wounds by MRSA (Figure 4) in the inpatient room are nosocomial problems that increase in prevalence every year [11,12] The prevalence of MRSA in various hospitals continues to increase as in the Regional General Hospital starting from 2001-2011 there has been an increase of 8% in surgical and non-surgical installations.
[13] Various therapeutic efforts have been made to accelerate post-operative wound healing due to MRSA such as herbal treatments but have not obtained satisfactory results so there is a need for alternative therapeutic innovations Regenerative therapy with stem cells is currently being popular by the public especially for cosmetic purposes. Stem cells are the hope of every health problem. Stem cells or stem cells are cells that can turn into various kinds of cells, signal between cells, secrete large and small molecules that are beneficial to the body and have the potential to regenerate affected cells and tissues.
Stem cells can be obtained from various tissues such as bone marrow, dental pulp, hair root, cord blood, amniotic membrane, gums, cord, fat, and other tissues. [16,17,18] The stem cells used must meet safe criteria ie free from infections from infectious diseases such as HIV / AIDS, syphilis, hepatitis, and so forth. Stem cells must originate from humans because they will be applied to humans as well. [17] Currently, it has a stem cell development and research center (Figure 6).
[19] The center is currently developing stem cell metabolites for skin rejuvenation and wound healing that have been proven safe to use in humans. [20,21] Stem cell metabolites are compounds released by stem cells during culture processes such as growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, antimicrobial peptides. . Stem cell metabolites can be harvested and then purified to be used as a topical to accelerate wound healing. Somoza et al and Caplan et al termed stem cells as complete drug stores because they have the ability to secrete beneficial compounds to accelerate wound healing (Figure 7). [22,23]
Overcoming oil pollution
Overcoming oil pollution
Researchers from the Yodi Ilyas Institute of Technology from the Water and Waste Water Engineering Expertise Group, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering ITB, found innovations to protect the environment. This innovation created can help restore the condition of the land polluted by waste oil. Seeing this problem, both of them also offer bioremediation technology as a solution to the problem. Bioremediation is a process of restoration (Bioremediation of Crude Oil Polluted Soil) of land polluted by organic and inorganic waste by utilizing organisms. This bioremediation technology uses nonpatogenic microbes consisting of Pseudomonas sp Bacillus sp, Azetobacter sp. Research departs from the background of oil pollution in the environment which has become a threat to the ecosystem and humans.
Because in the waste oil there are organic aliphatic and aromatic molecules known as petroleum hydrocarbons or Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH). TPH contamination in the environment is of more concern because these compounds are contaminants that can be widespread and some are toxic, mutagenic, and even carcinogenic. "The bacterium acts as a degrading agent for hydrocarbon compounds with the ability of its enzyme metabolism that can act as a biocatalyst so that it can be applied for the restoration of land contaminated with petroleum waste. Bioremediation is considered relatively cheaper, effective, and environmentally friendly compared to other petroleum remediation technologies, "said Edwan in a press release received ...
He said the estimated amount of petroleum waste was 12 thousand tons per day. Therefore this bioremediation technology is important to overcome these problems. This research began in 2000 at the Bioscience Research Center. The test was carried out by taking a number of bacterial samples on oil-contaminated land in Kalimantan and Sumatra to then be isolated and selected bacterial candidates that were effective in degrading or breaking hydrocarbon chains.
According to him, this bioremedation technology was then commercialized under the name Petroleum Remediating Agent on the advice of one of the students. The process of making Petrea if needed from the start only takes about 2 months for enrichment (from isolates or seeds that are already available) until it is ready to harvest for about 2-3 weeks, until it becomes a product in the form of both pasta and pellets (granular) This petrea is a colony of bacteria that degrade hydrocarbon compounds which are then sold and marketed in the form of pastes and pellets through Research and Industrial Affiliation Institutions and have been used by several oil and gas companies in Indonesia. "One kilogram of Petrea is capable of recovering one ton of oil-contaminated land.
This is certainly more effective and cheaper than other oil-contaminated land remediation technologies. Petrea can also be used for puddles of oil that are created due to operational activities of other industries that use petroleum or in the area of workshops that are polluted with used oil, "he said. Petrea itself has limitations in degrading petroleum with a long and thick hydrocarbon chain, therefore, together with his guidance students he is developing another remediation technology namely biosurfactants from the Acinetobacter group.
This biosurfactant is an active compound consisting of hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups which has the ability to reduce the surface tension of a liquid and the tension between two different phases and increase the stability of the emulsion. "By lowering this surface tension, petroleum waste can dissolve in biosurfactants, which Petrea then adds to degrade the waste," he said. This hybrid technology, which is a combination of biosurfactants and Petrea, has a more optimal performance to restore oil-contaminated land, especially those with long hydrocarbon chains. However, this technology is still being carried out on a lab scale but it hasn't yet been commercialized because it still requires development.
Researchers from the Yodi Ilyas Institute of Technology from the Water and Waste Water Engineering Expertise Group, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering ITB, found innovations to protect the environment. This innovation created can help restore the condition of the land polluted by waste oil. Seeing this problem, both of them also offer bioremediation technology as a solution to the problem. Bioremediation is a process of restoration (Bioremediation of Crude Oil Polluted Soil) of land polluted by organic and inorganic waste by utilizing organisms. This bioremediation technology uses nonpatogenic microbes consisting of Pseudomonas sp Bacillus sp, Azetobacter sp. Research departs from the background of oil pollution in the environment which has become a threat to the ecosystem and humans.
Because in the waste oil there are organic aliphatic and aromatic molecules known as petroleum hydrocarbons or Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH). TPH contamination in the environment is of more concern because these compounds are contaminants that can be widespread and some are toxic, mutagenic, and even carcinogenic. "The bacterium acts as a degrading agent for hydrocarbon compounds with the ability of its enzyme metabolism that can act as a biocatalyst so that it can be applied for the restoration of land contaminated with petroleum waste. Bioremediation is considered relatively cheaper, effective, and environmentally friendly compared to other petroleum remediation technologies, "said Edwan in a press release received ...
He said the estimated amount of petroleum waste was 12 thousand tons per day. Therefore this bioremediation technology is important to overcome these problems. This research began in 2000 at the Bioscience Research Center. The test was carried out by taking a number of bacterial samples on oil-contaminated land in Kalimantan and Sumatra to then be isolated and selected bacterial candidates that were effective in degrading or breaking hydrocarbon chains.
According to him, this bioremedation technology was then commercialized under the name Petroleum Remediating Agent on the advice of one of the students. The process of making Petrea if needed from the start only takes about 2 months for enrichment (from isolates or seeds that are already available) until it is ready to harvest for about 2-3 weeks, until it becomes a product in the form of both pasta and pellets (granular) This petrea is a colony of bacteria that degrade hydrocarbon compounds which are then sold and marketed in the form of pastes and pellets through Research and Industrial Affiliation Institutions and have been used by several oil and gas companies in Indonesia. "One kilogram of Petrea is capable of recovering one ton of oil-contaminated land.
This is certainly more effective and cheaper than other oil-contaminated land remediation technologies. Petrea can also be used for puddles of oil that are created due to operational activities of other industries that use petroleum or in the area of workshops that are polluted with used oil, "he said. Petrea itself has limitations in degrading petroleum with a long and thick hydrocarbon chain, therefore, together with his guidance students he is developing another remediation technology namely biosurfactants from the Acinetobacter group.
This biosurfactant is an active compound consisting of hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups which has the ability to reduce the surface tension of a liquid and the tension between two different phases and increase the stability of the emulsion. "By lowering this surface tension, petroleum waste can dissolve in biosurfactants, which Petrea then adds to degrade the waste," he said. This hybrid technology, which is a combination of biosurfactants and Petrea, has a more optimal performance to restore oil-contaminated land, especially those with long hydrocarbon chains. However, this technology is still being carried out on a lab scale but it hasn't yet been commercialized because it still requires development.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)