Antibiotic resistance for the health sector globally
Antibiotic resistance is now a crucial topic for the global health sector. The World Health Organization (WHO) states that this problem poses a serious threat to public health, including. [1,2] This problem arises due to the use of unwise or irrational antibiotics which results in ineffective and potential antibiotic therapy. [3 ] Inappropriate use of antibiotics does not only occur in humans but in animals. Previous studies have suggested that livestock are given antibiotic consumption that is not according to indications in order to avoid losses caused by the death of livestock. When we consume products from livestock, we automatically have the potential to experience antibiotic resistance (Figure 1).
[4,5] It needs public awareness and concrete government efforts to overcome antibiotic resistance
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (Assessment of Methicillin Resistance) is a gram-positive bacterium that is one example of antibiotic resistance that often infects the skin and causes slow post-surgical wound healing. [6,7,8] The current incidence of MRSA in the world is between 2.3 - 69.1% while the MRSA prevalence in Indonesia is 28%. [7,9,10] Skin and soft tissue infections (IKJL) such as in post-surgical wounds by MRSA (Figure 4) in the inpatient room are nosocomial problems that increase in prevalence every year [11,12] The prevalence of MRSA in various hospitals continues to increase as in the Regional General Hospital starting from 2001-2011 there has been an increase of 8% in surgical and non-surgical installations.
[13] Various therapeutic efforts have been made to accelerate post-operative wound healing due to MRSA such as herbal treatments but have not obtained satisfactory results so there is a need for alternative therapeutic innovations
Regenerative therapy with stem cells is currently being popular by the public especially for cosmetic purposes. Stem cells are the hope of every health problem. Stem cells or stem cells are cells that can turn into various kinds of cells, signal between cells, secrete large and small molecules that are beneficial to the body and have the potential to regenerate affected cells and tissues.
Stem cells can be obtained from various tissues such as bone marrow, dental pulp, hair root, cord blood, amniotic membrane, gums, cord, fat, and other tissues. [16,17,18] The stem cells used must meet safe criteria ie free from infections from infectious diseases such as HIV / AIDS, syphilis, hepatitis, and so forth. Stem cells must originate from humans because they will be applied to humans as well. [17]
Currently, it has a stem cell development and research center (Figure 6).
[19] The center is currently developing stem cell metabolites for skin rejuvenation and wound healing that have been proven safe to use in humans. [20,21] Stem cell metabolites are compounds released by stem cells during culture processes such as growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, antimicrobial peptides. . Stem cell metabolites can be harvested and then purified to be used as a topical to accelerate wound healing. Somoza et al and Caplan et al termed stem cells as complete drug stores because they have the ability to secrete beneficial compounds to accelerate wound healing (Figure 7). [22,23]